Expresión Económica. Revista de análisis

Implications of the globalization of capital in Latin America and the Caribbean

Fander Falconí — 2025-07-01

The aim of this article is to show that the poor international insertion of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) in the current globalization of capital has a negative impact on its development in the medium and long term. The reflection and contribution are based on an understanding of the industrial changes caused by globalization. In the case of LAC, a process of deindustrialization is evident, exacerbated mainly by trade liberalization policies, which, while having promoted trade, have also exposed it to other problems derived from low labor productivity, reduced efficiency in the use of materials and energy, and poor human development. In the global context, the region stagnates its participation in world industrial production and services, which shows that LAC compromises its future by clinging to a primary-export insertion with little added value, an increase in extractivism, and few internal productive chains, which causes a vicious circle: low capability for the development of goods and services with medium and high technological content and concentration in activities that demand low-skilled human resources.

Economic structure. Supply and demand for higher education in Sinaloa, 2000-2020

Jorge Rafael Figueroa Elenes — 2025-07-01

In this article, using tools from spatial statistics and econometric models with panel data, it is confirmed that dynamic and complex sectors hold greater weight in the productive structures of Mexico's federal entities (SCOMP) when enrollment in higher education programs focused on productive activities (ECAP) is higher. Sinaloa is part of the group of states where complex and industrialized sectors have a low presence in their productive structures, and it is also characterized by a low enrollment in ECAP programs (Agronomy and Veterinary; Natural Sciences, Mathematics, and Statistics; Engineering, Manufacturing, and Construction; and Information and Communication Technologies). The conclusion is that in states where young people are strategically studying and have studied professional careers with a certain profile, they manage to boost sectors with greater productivity, complexity, and dynamism when they join productive activities. The findings reveal that one of the reasons for the low participation of the so-called SCOMP sectors in state productive structures is related to the profile of the human capital being trained in Higher Education Institutions.

Fixed effects models to analyze methane emissions from solid waste and economic growth in 18 Latin American and Caribbean countries (1991-2019)

Ramiro Flores-Xolocotzi — 2025-07-01

Methane emissions from solid waste landfills (SWL) and those generated by open-air burning and incineration of such waste (SWI) were analyzed, respectively, as a function of GDP per capita in 18 Latin American and Caribbean nations from 1991 to 2019, which allowed testing the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. For this purpose, econometric models of SWL and SWI were estimated, of the quadratic (GDP2), cubic (GDP3) and quartic (GDP4) type. Control variables such as: level of urbanization, human capital, economic inequality and civil liberties were also used. Fixed effects were applied to each polynomial. The estimates show that there isn't evidence of a statistical relationship between SWL and GDP. For SWI and GDP, the EKC hypothesis test showed an M-shaped curve. Also notable is the loss of civil liberties associated with increases in both emissions, while economic inequality shows opposite effects in SWL and SWI. These results need to be corroborated with other econometric techniques and considering other countries.

Insecurity, government expenditure and income levels in Nigeria: responses and implications

Kingsley Onyekachi Onyele — 2025-07-01

This study scrutinised the linkages between insecurity, government expenditure, and income levels in Nigeria. To achieve this objective, data were collected from 2012Q1 to 2023Q2. For the data analysis, vector autoregression (VAR), impulse response functions (IRFs), and a pairwise Granger causality test were deployed. After testing for unit root and diagnosing the model for serial correlation and stability, the study proceeded with the VAR estimation. The independent variables were the Global Peace Index, the number of fatalities, and government expenditures on internal security and defense, while the real GDP was used as the dependent variable to measure income levels. The variables were incorporated into the Cobb-Douglas production function; hence, capital and labour were used as control variables. The Impulse Response Functions (IRFs) indicated that real gross domestic product responded negatively to the Global Peace Index rating and the number of fatalities due to security threats. On the other hand, RGDP responded positively to government expenditures on internal security and defense. The results of the Granger causality test showed there was a one-way causality from the independent variables to RGDP, implying that the independent variables were significant determinants of income levels in Nigeria. It was concluded that insecurity could distort income levels. Granger causality test results showed there was a single directional causal flow from the independent (explanatory) variables to RGDP, implying that the explanatory variables were significant determinants of income levels in Nigeria. As a result, beyond condemnations and reassurances, the government must investigate the underlying causes of insecurity in order to come up with a long-term remedy.

Program for the implementation and updating of Institutional Filing Systems in organizations

Mireya García Cano — 2025-07-01

El presente trabajo se desarrolla en el Centro Politécnico del Petróleo, tiene como objetivo diseñar un programa que contribuya a la implementación y/o actualización de los SI de Archivo en las organizaciones. La propuesta va a facilitar una herramienta de trabajo para estandarizar en las organizaciones, la gestión documental y archivo, en correspondencia con las regulaciones establecidas en las disposiciones jurídicas vigentes y las buenas prácticas en la actividad. Asimismo, aporta técnicas y procedimientos para el manejo adecuado de la documentación, garantizar su disponibilidad y accesibilidad, conservación y optimizar el rendimiento de los recursos asignados a esta actividad en las entidades.

Su diseño está basado metodológicamente en las disposiciones establecidas en el Manual para la implementación de la Base Normativa del Sistema Nacional de Gestión Documental y Archivos (SNGD y A) de Cuba.